Most famous of the predicted insects is the Morgan’s Sphinx moth (Xanthopan morgani praedicta). This subspecies of Xanthopan morgani was predicted a full 40 years prior to its description by science by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1903. What makes this moth famous is that the predictor was Charles Darwin and The prediction occurred by evaluating an orchid, the Star Orchid or Christmas Orchid (Angraecum sesquipedale) of Madagascar.

Within Charles Darwin "On the Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects", published in 1862 his prediction is stated as so:

"surprising that any insect should be able to reach the nectar;but in Madagascar there must be moths with the proboscis capable of extension to a length of between ten and eleven inches;The pollinia would not be withdrawn until some huge moth, with a wonderfully long proboscis, tried to drain the last drop. If such great moths were to become extinct in Madagascar, assuredly the Angraecum would become extinct"

Thus, for the orchid to exist with a rostrellum of close to eleven inches in depth, then a moth with a proboscis of similar length is required for fertilization of the orchids. So, if the orchid exists, then the moth to fertilize the orchid exists.