The Bodhi Tree's branches stretch out from its solid trunk, their distinctive heart-shaped leaves casting protective shade over those who sit beneath. It was under just such a tree, here along the banks of the Phalgu River in northern India, that a young prince named Siddhartha Gautama, troubled by the world's miseries, sat in meditation some 2,500 years ago. And this is where he is believed to have attained nirvana, or supreme enlightenment, and become the Buddha, whose teaching would influence countless billions.

Today, the place known as Bodh Gaya embodies the rich culture of ancient Buddhist traditions. Located in a splendid temple complex is what is said to be a descendant of the fig tree under which Buddha sat—now revered as the Bodhi (enlightenment) Tree. It is perhaps the world's most venerated tree.

To the east of the Bodhi Tree is the ancient Mahabodhi Temple, its walls bearing scenes from Buddha's life. Inside, there is a gilded statue of the Buddha in a poised posture touching the earth with his right hand: Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment in this posture.